---
title: "12.P.ST.2: Author Strategies for Audience (Georgia English Language Arts standard)"
code: 12.P.ST.2
cite_as: Georgia Standards of Excellence, English Language Arts, 12.P.ST.2
subject: ela
grades:
  - grade-12
language: en
canonical_url: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/12.P.ST.2
md_url: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/12.P.ST.2.md
alternate_language_url: https://georgiahomeroom.org/es/standards/code/12.P.ST.2.md
source_url: https://case.georgiastandards.org/ims/case/v1p0/CFDocuments/391c3abe-c1ec-4a4a-a942-c9e152b35102
source_last_changed: 2025-11-14
data_built: 2026-09-18
publisher: Georgia Homeroom, a free public-interest project of Georgia Civic Data. Not affiliated with or endorsed by the Georgia Department of Education or any school district.
up: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/ela/grade-12.md
index: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/index.md
---

# 12.P.ST.2: Author Strategies for Audience

Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and techniques authors use to accommodate the target audience and achieve the text’s purpose.

- Subject: English Language Arts
- Appears in: Grade 12, https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/ela/grade-12.md

## Expectations

- **12.P.ST.2.a**: Develop and apply knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish the purpose of texts being interpreted or constructed and to evaluate the extent to which those texts achieve those purposes. (I/C)
- **12.P.ST.2.b**: Draw from knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish a clear point of view or unique perspective when interpreting and constructing texts. (I/C)
- **12.P.ST.2.c**: Draw from knowledge of how authors consider context and audience to determine which information and ideas to highlight, which text design is most accessible, which word choices and language structures are most effective, and which craft techniques are most impactful. (I/C)

## Georgia Milestones coverage

No Georgia Milestones blueprint cites this standard.

## The same standard across grades

- Kindergarten, K.P.ST.2: **Author, Audience, & Purpose** Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and techniques authors use to accommodate the target audience and achieve the text’s purpose. https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/K.P.ST.2.md
- Grade 1, 1.P.ST.2: **Author, Audience, & Purpose** Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and techniques authors use to accommodate the target audience and achieve the text’s purpose. https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/1.P.ST.2.md
- Grade 2, 2.P.ST.2: **Author, Audience, & Purpose** Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and techniques authors use to accommodate the target audience and achieve the text’s purpose. https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/2.P.ST.2.md
- Grade 3, 3.P.ST.2: **Author, Audience, & Purpose** Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and techniques authors use to accommodate the target audience and achieve the text’s purpose. https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/3.P.ST.2.md
- Grade 4, 4.P.ST.2: **Author, Audience, & Purpose** Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and techniques authors use to accommodate the target audience and achieve the text’s purpose. https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/4.P.ST.2.md
- Grade 5, 5.P.ST.2: **Author, Audience, & Purpose** Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and techniques authors use to accommodate the target audience and achieve the text’s purpose. https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/5.P.ST.2.md
- Grade 6, 6.P.ST.2: **Author, Audience, & Purpose** Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and techniques authors use to accommodate the target audience and achieve the text’s purpose. https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/6.P.ST.2.md
- Grade 7, 7.P.ST.2: **Author, Audience, & Purpose** Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and techniques authors use to accommodate the target audience and achieve the text’s purpose. https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/7.P.ST.2.md
- Grade 8, 8.P.ST.2: **Author, Audience, & Purpose** Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and techniques authors use to accommodate the target audience and achieve the text’s purpose. https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/8.P.ST.2.md
- Grade 9, 9.P.ST.2: **Author, Audience, & Purpose** Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and techniques authors use to accommodate the target audience and achieve the text’s purpose. https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/9.P.ST.2.md
- Grade 10, 10.P.ST.2: **Author, Audience, & Purpose** Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and techniques authors use to accommodate the target audience and achieve the text’s purpose. https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/10.P.ST.2.md
- Grade 11, 11.P.ST.2: **Author, Audience, & Purpose** Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and techniques authors use to accommodate the target audience and achieve the text’s purpose. https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/11.P.ST.2.md
- **Grade 12, 12.P.ST.2 (this standard)**: **Author, Audience, & Purpose** Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and techniques authors use to accommodate the target audience and achieve the text’s purpose.

Source: Georgia Standards of Excellence, published by the Georgia Department of Education at case.georgiastandards.org.