---
title: "HM.LMIR.5: Early Modern European Mathematics (Georgia Mathematics standard)"
code: HM.LMIR.5
cite_as: Georgia Standards of Excellence, Mathematics, HM.LMIR.5
subject: math
grades:
  - high-school
language: en
canonical_url: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/HM.LMIR.5
md_url: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/HM.LMIR.5.md
alternate_language_url: https://georgiahomeroom.org/es/standards/code/HM.LMIR.5.md
source_url: https://case.georgiastandards.org/ims/case/v1p1/CFDocuments/e9dd7229-3558-4df2-85c6-57b8938f6180
source_last_changed: 2024-10-09
data_built: 2026-09-18
publisher: Georgia Homeroom, a free public-interest project of Georgia Civic Data. Not affiliated with or endorsed by the Georgia Department of Education or any school district.
up: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/math/high-school.md
index: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/index.md
---

# HM.LMIR.5: Early Modern European Mathematics

Engage in the mathematical accomplishments of Europe in the 15th century through the early 17th century in order to grasp the foundational aspects of modern mathematics.

- Subject: Mathematics
- Appears in: High School, https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/math/high-school.md

## Expectations

- **HM.LMIR.5.1**: Use historical multiplication and division algorithms.
- **HM.LMIR.5.2**: Use Cardano’s cubic formula to find a solution to a cubic equation.
- **HM.LMIR.5.3**: Explain the cultural factors that encouraged the development of algebra in 15th century Italy, and how this development influenced mathematical thought throughout Europe.
- **HM.LMIR.5.4**: Identify the works of Galileo, Copernicus, and Kepler as a landmark in scientific thought, describe the conflict between their explanation of the workings of the solar system and then-current perspectives, and contrast their works to those of Aristotle.
- **HM.LMIR.5.5**: Describe the mathematical contributions of Fermat, Pascal, and Descartes.

## Georgia Milestones coverage

No Georgia Milestones blueprint cites this standard.

Source: Georgia Standards of Excellence, published by the Georgia Department of Education at case.georgiastandards.org.