---
title: "HM.NR.2: Historical Number Systems Overview (Georgia Mathematics standard)"
code: HM.NR.2
cite_as: Georgia Standards of Excellence, Mathematics, HM.NR.2
subject: math
grades:
  - high-school
language: en
canonical_url: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/HM.NR.2
md_url: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/HM.NR.2.md
alternate_language_url: https://georgiahomeroom.org/es/standards/code/HM.NR.2.md
source_url: https://case.georgiastandards.org/ims/case/v1p1/CFDocuments/e9dd7229-3558-4df2-85c6-57b8938f6180
source_last_changed: 2024-10-09
data_built: 2026-09-18
publisher: Georgia Homeroom, a free public-interest project of Georgia Civic Data. Not affiliated with or endorsed by the Georgia Department of Education or any school district.
up: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/math/high-school.md
index: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/index.md
---

# HM.NR.2: Historical Number Systems Overview

Explore and use historical number systems and computational methods.

- Subject: Mathematics
- Appears in: High School, https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/math/high-school.md

## Expectations

- Historical computation methods
  - **HM.NR.2.1**: Use historical number systems to represent quantities.
  - **HM.NR.2.2**: Use historical multiplication and division algorithms.
  - **HM.NR.2.3**: Decompose fractions of the form $\frac{2}{(pq)}$ using the Egyptian method as recorded by Ahmes (Ahmose) in the Rhind Papyrus.
  - **HM.NR.2.4**: Compute lengths, areas, and volumes according to historical formulas
  - **HM.NR.2.5**: Describe the limitations of the Babylonian, Roman, Egyptian (hieratic and hieroglyphic), Chinese, and Greek number systems as compared to Hindu-Arabic numerals
  - **HM.NR.2.6**: Identify the number system and notation used by a society as an influence on the types of mathematics developed by that society.
- Use historical methods to solve equations.
  - **HM.NR.2.7**: Solve linear equations using the method of false position.
  - **HM.NR.2.8**: Translate ancient mathematical problems that involve linear, quadratic, or cubic equations into modern notation and solve them in a variety of ways.

## Georgia Milestones coverage

No Georgia Milestones blueprint cites this standard.

Source: Georgia Standards of Excellence, published by the Georgia Department of Education at case.georgiastandards.org.