---
title: "SAST1: Historical Astronomy Theories (Georgia Science standard)"
code: SAST1
cite_as: Georgia Standards of Excellence, Science, SAST1
subject: science
grades:
  - high-school
language: en
canonical_url: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/SAST1
md_url: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/SAST1.md
alternate_language_url: https://georgiahomeroom.org/es/standards/code/SAST1.md
source_url: https://case.georgiastandards.org/ims/case/v1p1/CFDocuments/27a08dc6-416e-11e7-ba71-02bd89fdd987
source_last_changed: 2025-05-29
data_built: 2026-09-18
publisher: Georgia Homeroom, a free public-interest project of Georgia Civic Data. Not affiliated with or endorsed by the Georgia Department of Education or any school district.
up: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/science/high-school.md
index: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/index.md
---

# SAST1: Historical Astronomy Theories

Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to assess the validity of historical theories of astronomy.

- Subject: Science
- Appears in: High School, https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/science/high-school.md

## Expectations

- **SAST1.a**: Ask questions to investigate the daily/seasonal motions of the sky and communicate the significance of constellations, for navigation and time-keeping. (Clarification statement: Compare and contrast astronomy and astrology and describe how the zodiac relates to the motions of solar system objects.)
- **SAST1.b**: Obtain, evaluate and communicate information about how ancient structures, instruments, philosophies and civilizations influenced ancient astronomy. (Clarification statement: Philosophies include but are not limited to geocentric theory, Aristotelian physics, and the Ptolemaic model with epicycles.)
- **SAST1.c**: Construct an argument based on evidence to support the scientific claims made by the heliocentric model. (Clarification statement: Include observational evidence from Galileo’s work, and the ideas of Copernicus, Kepler, and Newton.)
- **SAST1.d**: Use mathematics and computational thinking to relate Kepler’s Laws to Newton’s Law of Gravitation
- **SAST1.e**: Construct an explanation for how technological advances in the design of reflecting and refracting telescopes have improved our ability to study the universe. (Clarification statement: The focus is on the historical use of optical telescopes utilizing only the visible light spectrum.)

## Georgia Milestones coverage

No Georgia Milestones blueprint cites this standard.

Source: Georgia Standards of Excellence, published by the Georgia Department of Education at case.georgiastandards.org.