---
title: "SG2: Rock and Mineral Formation (Georgia Science standard)"
code: SG2
cite_as: Georgia Standards of Excellence, Science, SG2
subject: science
grades:
  - high-school
language: en
canonical_url: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/SG2
md_url: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/SG2.md
alternate_language_url: https://georgiahomeroom.org/es/standards/code/SG2.md
source_url: https://case.georgiastandards.org/ims/case/v1p1/CFDocuments/27a08dc6-416e-11e7-ba71-02bd89fdd987
source_last_changed: 2025-05-29
data_built: 2026-09-18
publisher: Georgia Homeroom, a free public-interest project of Georgia Civic Data. Not affiliated with or endorsed by the Georgia Department of Education or any school district.
up: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/science/high-school.md
index: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/index.md
---

# SG2: Rock and Mineral Formation

Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the geologic conditions and processes that form different rocks and minerals through the rock cycle.

- Subject: Science
- Appears in: High School, https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/science/high-school.md

## Expectations

- **SG2.a**: Plan and carry out investigations to explore how chemical variation and geological processes result in the formation of different rock forming minerals. (Clarification statement: This could include the formation of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, muscovite, biotite, amphibole, pyroxene, olivine, kaolinite, calcite, halite, gypsum, chlorite, garnet and staurolite.)
- **SG2.b**: Develop and use models to demonstrate the processes that form plutonic (intrusive) and volcanic (extrusive) igneous rocks of differing compositions, and textures.
- **SG2.c**: Ask questions to differentiate between processes that form various types of sedimentary rocks (i.e., weathering, erosion, deposition, burial, compaction and cementation).
- **SG2.d**: Construct an explanation for how igneous and sedimentary rocks transform to different types of metamorphic rocks. (Clarification statement: Explain how different conditions of metamorphism and starting (parent) rock compositions determine metamorphic rock type.)

## Georgia Milestones coverage

No Georgia Milestones blueprint cites this standard.

Source: Georgia Standards of Excellence, published by the Georgia Department of Education at case.georgiastandards.org.