---
title: "SP2: Forces and Motion (Georgia Science standard)"
code: SP2
cite_as: Georgia Standards of Excellence, Science, SP2
subject: science
grades:
  - high-school
language: en
canonical_url: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/SP2
md_url: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/code/SP2.md
alternate_language_url: https://georgiahomeroom.org/es/standards/code/SP2.md
source_url: https://case.georgiastandards.org/ims/case/v1p1/CFDocuments/27a08dc6-416e-11e7-ba71-02bd89fdd987
source_last_changed: 2025-05-29
data_built: 2026-09-18
publisher: Georgia Homeroom, a free public-interest project of Georgia Civic Data. Not affiliated with or endorsed by the Georgia Department of Education or any school district.
up: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/science/high-school.md
index: https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/index.md
---

# SP2: Forces and Motion

Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about how forces affect the motion of objects.

- Subject: Science
- Appears in: High School, https://georgiahomeroom.org/standards/science/high-school.md

## Expectations

- **SP2.a**: Construct an explanation based on evidence using Newton's Laws of how forces affect the acceleration of a body. * Explain and predict the motion of a body in absence of a force and when forces are applied using Newton's 1st Law (principle of inertia). * Calculate the acceleration for an object using Newton's 2nd Law, including situations where multiple forces act together. * Identify the pair of equal and opposite forces between two interacting bodies and relate their magnitudes and directions using Newton's 3rd Law.
- **SP2.b**: Develop and use a model of a Free Body Diagram to represent the forces acting on an object (both equilibrium and non-equilibrium).
- **SP2.c**: Use mathematical representations to calculate magnitudes and vector components for typical forces including gravitational force, normal force, friction forces, tension forces, and spring forces.
- **SP2.d**: Plan and carry out an investigation to gather evidence to identify the force or force component responsible for causing an object to move along a circular path. * Calculate the magnitude of a centripetal acceleration.
- **SP2.e**: Develop and use a model to describe the mathematical relationship between mass, distance, and force as expressed by Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation.

## Georgia Milestones coverage

No Georgia Milestones blueprint cites this standard.

Source: Georgia Standards of Excellence, published by the Georgia Department of Education at case.georgiastandards.org.